Network Evolution and Measuring Performance

Delay, loss, and throughput
Published

January 12, 2026

Preparation

  • \(1.3\) The Network Core
  • \(1.4\) Delay, Loss, and Throughput in Packet-Switched Networks

Lesson Objectives

  • Explain the evolution from circuit switching to packet switching
  • Describe how frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and time division multiplexing (TDM) enable shared use of circuits
  • Define bandwidth, throughput, and delay (including its components)
  • Calculate throughput and delay

Exercise

  • Use a speed test (e.g. fast.com) to measure network performance; turn on “all metrics”; contrast wired vs wireless.
  • Given a network scenario, calculate end-to-end delay and throughput.
  • Contention exercise: given multiple users sharing a link, calculate individual throughput and maximum number of users.